Most bug bites simply cause swelling, redness and itching. These side effects can be treated at home with an over-the-counter antihistamine, such as Benadryl®.

While most bites and stings should not cause you to panic, some can be serious. If you experience a bite that results in sudden or severe symptoms (such as swelling, increased heart rate, trouble breathing or tightness in your chest, a rash or hives, sweating, confusion, nausea, or unconsciousness), you may be suffering an allergic reaction. If left untreated, an allergic reaction can lead to anaphylactic shock – which can be fatal. So, you should call 9-1-1 or have someone drive you to the nearest emergency center.

In some cases, bites may also result in disease. For example, tick bites and spider bites do require medical attention if they result in an unusual rash or other reaction around the bite. In addition, mosquito bites (which are usually just annoying, itchy and harmless) can transmit malaria and West Nile virus. While malaria is rarely found in the United States, the spread of West Nile virus is well documented. If you experience any of these symptoms following a mosquito bite, you should seek medical attention immediately: fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, neck stiffness, skin rash, swollen lymph glands, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, or muscle weakness.

The best way to prevent bug bites is minimize the amount of skin you leave exposed – wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts, and use plenty of bug spray. You can also avoid outdoor activities during the early morning and evening hours – when insects are most active. If you are concerned about a bug bite, contact your physician.

Dee-Ann Bialecki-Haase, MD
Family Medicine